Analysis Of The Movie The Ugly Truth - 892 Words

Comedic films and theatrical productions generally focus on the average human. This excludes people with extraordinary amounts of influence or power such as kings, queens or superheroes. Grecian comedy dissects the social or personal aspects of an average human’s life and uncovers their foibles and frailties. A minor weakness will usually lead to the character falling into some form of temptation which stands as the climax of the plot. This minor weakness of the character helps develop the storyline. For example, the play, Lysistrata, centers around the Grecian army and their wives. Aristophanes presents sex as a weakness of men and women in Greece in the play. The temptation for the army wives is to relinquish the sex strike that they†¦show more content†¦Later in the movie, Larry describes Georgia as â€Å"angry and bitter† and she responds, â€Å"Uh, no, Larry, that would be my untouched vagina†. This type of speech carries along throughout the whole film. The character of Mike revolves around buffoonery and making coarse jokes that makes Abby feel uncomfortable. Additionally, the characters use a slew of profanities. In Lysistrata, Lysistrata boldly states she will resist her husband â€Å"Albeit he come to me with an erection...†. The structure of an old Comedy consists of the prologos, parados, agon, parabasis, episodes, and komos. The prologos is the introduction in which the fantasy is explained and developed (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica). The fantasy that is introduced in the prologos of The Ugly Truth is the idea that men are capable of romantic love regardless of the physical appearance of women. The parados is the part that the audience has to decide to take the position for or against the hero. In The Ugly Truth, the audience is faced with deciding if Mike truly has the key to unlock a man’s heart or if he’s just bitter and mistakenly wrong about male-female relationships. The agon is the debate on opposing principals. Mike and Abby debate if Mike’s ideas are the ideas of a misogynist or if the ideas are really the truth that lies deep in the mind of the human male species. The parabasis is when the topical issue is addressed. Early on in the film, Mike states that men are only inte rested

Essay on Ethics and Good Prostitution - 2121 Words

Prostitution: In the End, There’s Nothing Wrong with It. Prostitution is defined by Florida State Statute 796.07 in 1994 as â€Å"the giving or receiving of the body for sexual activity for hire but excludes sexual activity between spouses† (â€Å"Legal Definition of Prostitution†). Though it has been illegalized, an age old discrepancy dealing with the morality and ethical concepts of prostitution is still a controversial topic being discussed today. The main ethical problem being debated about the profession of prostitution is if the selling of sex, something that is meant to be private and personal, should be allowed and morally accepted within society if used for monetary gain in order to pay for the necessities of life. Some question whether†¦show more content†¦All three noted types of utilitarian theories find prostitution to be morally just. With a specification to Mill’s utilitarianism, most realize that there are certain health issues th at would need to be addressed and limited by rules, as outlined by Mill’s â€Å"rule utilitarianism† (Stewart 23-33). â€Å"Prostitution would have to be regulated,† in ways such as â€Å"’closely monitoring a prostitute’s health, rigorously training the prostitute, imposing strict standards for conduct while at work, and monitoring client contact to assure quality and efficiency of service,† which would in turn be viewed by people as a base for which rule utilitarianism could be applied as another factor of proving prostitution as acceptable and moral (â€Å"Sexual Autonomy amp; Prostitution†). Jeremy Bentham, the mind behind act utilitarianism states that, â€Å"Pleasure is therefore always good, and happiness consists of having pleasurable experiences† (Stewart 15). Prostitution brings pleasure to both the prostitute and their client: monetary and mental pleasure for the prostitute and sexual pleasure for the client. It has even been found that â€Å"97% of house-prostitutes like themselves more after than before becoming prostitutes,† proving the happiness gained by prostitutes in their professionShow MoreRelatedProstitution Is The Practice Of Performing Sexual Activity1625 Words   |  7 Pages Prostitution is the practice of performing sexual activity to get paid. This practice has existed for centuries and yet the question remains – is prostitution moral? It is because prostitution involves selling something very personal to earn money. Many people think that prostitution encourages slavery for women and selling body in return for money is very wrong while others think that prostitution is just like any other service so there is nothing immoral about it. In this paper, I will argue thatRead MoreThe Movie Running Scared By Paul Walker922 Words   |  4 Pagesadventurous, scary trip. Ethics play a major role in this movie. The first ethical dilemma that the viewers are faced with is the fact that Oleg’s step father is abusive. He has no respect for Mila, Oleg’s mom. He beats her and starves Oleg. Oleg is seen as the growing boy in the house, not yet the man, but he wants to care for his mother and protect her. This poses a problem: he wants to save his mother but in order to do that he must â€Å"eliminate† his dad. Though his intentions are good his actions are illegalRead MoreIs It Time For Legalize Prostitution?1429 Words   |  6 PagesBaker Individual and Society II Dr. Hawkins Policy Paper Is it Time to Legalize Prostitution? Research says†¦ One policy issue at the forefront of many discussions is the decision of whether to make prostitution legal. 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The sex industry. Whoring. Hooking. Et Cetera. The exchange of sexual activities for money. Prostitution is probably one of, if not the oldest taboos in our culture, and for good reason. Often times, prostitution is monitored in places called brothels, meeting places for finding prostitutes and sex in general. This scandalous practice is currently legal in many parts of the world, i.e. Germany, most of South America, Spain, Australia, Canada, France, ItalyRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics815 Words   |  4 Pagesrespiratory conditions, and also the living conditions the workforce was exposed to - including no windows or running water - were against his personal definition of right, good and fair. Even though the case study does not describe clearly, one could easily assume that these practices do not comply with the key values and the code of ethics and conduct that Fel ipe’s company is likely to have. The fact that Felipe was immediately shocked with the labor conditions shows that it goes against what his companyRead MoreKant and Utiliarianism on Sweatshops1475 Words   |  6 Pagescountries over seas such as China to produce their products at a lower cost. As entailed in the letter from a man born in China, many citizens on these countries resort to factory labor to support themselves to escape other sources on income such as prostitution. Without these corporations usage of oversea sweatshops these employees would be forced to return to self-demeaning jobs such as these. However, does the mere fact that overseas factory labor is allowing these people to support themselves and theirRead MoreCritical Analysis : Decriminalizing Prostitution1164 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 8, 2017 Decriminalizing Prostitution Prostitution, is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, as the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment. Prostitution should not be a crime because it has no victim. The prostitute, is in no way, committing a crime on society. While nearly 200 countries around the world have outlawed prostitution, many countries such as Germany and New Zealand have legalized the act. Prostitution also brings in an estimated $99Read MoreKant and Utiliarianism on Sweatshops Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagescountries over seas such as China to produce their products at a lower cost. As entailed in the letter from a man born in China, many citizens on these countries resort to factory labor to support themselves to escape other sources on income such as prostitution. Without these corporations usage of oversea sweatshops these employees would be forced to return to self-demeaning jobs such as these. However, does the mere fact that overseas factory labor is allo wing these people to support themselves and theirRead MoreTo what Extent Are Prostitution and Drug Use Associated with Sociological Variables?1214 Words   |  5 Pagesextent are prostitution and drug use associated with sociological variables and are they truly victimless? Prostitution and illicit drug use are contentious topics, not only in North America but around the world. The issues of how to police, as well as whether or not to decriminalize prostitution and drug use are multifaceted and encompass sociological, economic, and health factors. Although there is a general understanding amongst the public concerning the definitions of prostitution and drug use

Team management Essay Example For Students

Team management Essay HR outsourcing: BT case study, INTRODUCTIONAccording to Gunsauley (2002) more and more US and European companies resort to the practice of HR outsourcing. The present paper will discuss the outcomes of HR outsourcing policy in BT and the way it affected and might be affecting various areas if organizational performance. The analysis will start with the definition of outsourcing and types of HR outsourcing. Then the factors that induce companies to turn to this practice and the negative consequences of it will be highlighted. Since the notion is relatively new, the review of the advantages and disadvantages of HR outsourcing will provide conceptual boundaries of the BT case study review. The paper will discuss the factors that triggered BTs decision to outsource HR function and the way this decision was realized. Besides, the case study will review the outcomes of HR outsourcing. Then the analysis of HR outsourcing on various sides of organization will be made. Of particular concern, the paper will consider the importance of HR function for the strategic content and process of the organization. Moreover, since the outsourcing introduced various soft and hard changes, the paper will review the content of the organizational culture and will explore the issues of organizational change in the context of BT strategic objectives and intended market performance. Since the topic is quite new and there is not much sufficient data about the outcomes of HR outsourcing on global communication industry players the paper will make certain presupposition which will be evaluated on the basis of existing HR theories and practice. OUTSOURCINGWhat is outsourcingChaffey (2003) define outsourcing as the contracting out of specified services to a third party with a controlled, flexible relationship. He points out that the decision of outsourcing usually takes place when a firm does not want to use its internal resources to build or operate in-house function it can hire an external or ganisation that specializes in providing these services to do the work. Types of outsourcingHR outsourcing services generally fall into four categories: PEOs, BPOs, ASPs, or e-services (Lee, 2002). PEOsA Professional Employer Organization (PEO) assumes full responsibility of a companys human resources management. It takes full legal responsibility of a companys employees, and is actively involved in such vital HR functions as recruitment and selection, delayering and performance appraisal. The PEO and a company become partners, essentially, with the PEO handling all the HR aspects and the business handling all other aspects of the company. In other words it is total outsourcing, since an external company performs all activities. Armstrong (2001) introduces the following list of HR areas that are outsourced: Training Recruitment Health and safety monitoring and adviceEmployee welfare and counseling activitiesPayroll managementSpecialist legal advisory services; Occupational health and fitness services;However, due to the specific features of human resource management and the developing practice of HR outsourcing, PEO might also imply for joint venture/ strategic alliance sourcin g where certain duties and responsibilities are shared between organization and a supplierBPOsBusiness Process Outsourcing is a broad term referring to outsourcing of different managerial and operational functions. Specifically in HR, a BPO is designed to ensure that a companys HR system is supported by the latest management information systems, with self-access and HR data warehousing options. ASPs Application service providers host software on the Web and rent it to userssome ASPs host HR software. Some are standardized off-shelf applications (People Soft) while others are customized HR software developed by the vendor. These software programs can manage payroll, benefits, and more. THE RATIONALE FOR HR OUTSOURCINGGeneral rationale for outsourcingAccording to Mintzberg et al. (1995) the overall rationale for any outsourcing activity is that outsourcing provides:greater economies of scale, flexibility levels of expertise. cost effective, lowers costs and improves add-value through out the value chainHe states that implementing function internally that can be bought in more economically compromises competitive advantage. Outsourcing enables concentration on core activities reduces internal costs, time delays and political pressures, leading to a more compact organization, flatter hierarchy, sharper focus on recruiting, developing and motivating key personnel in terms of core competencies. .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .postImageUrl , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:hover , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:visited , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:active { border:0!important; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:active , .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09 .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue864a59fe8e530ee701ab9ee1e126f09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Totalitarianism, Maos China EssayRatnam (2001) emphasizes the strategic dimension of outsourcing. He suggests that heavy investments, coupled with the challenges of a dynamic market place, means that outsourcing

The Importance of Positioning Essay Example

The Importance of Positioning Essay The role of Positioning for a business organization Nowdays, in the business world it is important to know of every aspect that an organization is going to be into. Market positioning is one of the important roles for advertising and promotion and so do in marketing. It is where an organization needs to be aware of, whether they should position themselves in other related perhaps a more challenging market. According to Belch Belch (2009, p. 56), positioning is defined as â€Å"the art and science of fitting the product or service to one or more segments of the broad market in such way as to set it meaningfully apart from competition†. In positioning, it is always thought by a decision makers on why, for whom, against whom and when to consume. In marketing, positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization. Re-positioning involves changing the identity of a product, relative to the identity of competing products, in the collective minds of the target market. De-positioning involves attempting to change the identity of competing products, relative to the identity of your own product, in the collective minds of the target market. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Positioning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Positioning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Positioning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The original work on Positioning was consumer marketing oriented, and was not as much focused on the question relative to competitive products as much as it was focused on cutting through the ambient noise and establishing a moment of real contact with the intended recipient. The growth of high-tech marketing may have had much to do with the shift in definition towards competitive positioning. An important component of hi-tech marketing in the age of the World Wide Web is positioning in major search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing, which can be accomplished through Search Engine Optimization, also known as SEO. This is an especially important component when attempting to improve competitive positioning among a younger demographic, which tends to be web oriented in their shopping and purchasing habits as a result of being highly connected and involved in social media in general. Although there are different definitions of Positioning, probably the most common is: identifying a market niche for a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies (i. e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and competition). Positioning is a concept in arketing which was first popularized by Al Ries and Jack Trout in their bestseller book Positioning The Battle for Your Mind. This differs slightly from the context in which the term was first published in 1969 by Jack Trout in the paper Positioning is a game people play in today’s me-too market place in the publication Industrial Marketing, in which the case is made that the typical consumer is overwhelmed with unwante d advertising, and has a natural tendency to discard all information that does not immediately find a comfortable (and empty) slot in the consumers mind. It was then expanded into their ground-breaking first book, Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind, in which they define Positioning as an organized system for finding a window in the mind. It is based on the concept that communication can only take place at the right time and under the right circumstances (p. 19 of 2001 paperback edition). What most will agree on is that Positioning is something (perception) that happens in the minds of the target market. It is the aggregate perception the market has of a particular company, product or service in relation to their perceptions of the competitors in the same category. It will happen whether or not a companys management is proactive, reactive or passive about the on- going process of evolving a position. But a company can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. Generally, the product positioning process involves defining the market in which the product or brand will compete (who the relevant buyers are), identifying the attributes (also called dimensions) that define the product space, collecting information from a sample of customers about their perceptions of each product on the relevant attributes, determine each products share of mind, determine each products current location in the product space, determine the target markets preferred combination of attributes (referred to as an ideal vector), examine the fit between (The position of your product and the position of the ideal vector), and lastly after all is applied it is to position the product or brand in the selected market. references: Belch/Belch,2009, Advertising and Promotion,8th edition,MCGraw-Hill,New York Kotler, Armstrong, Swee, Chin, Oliver,2009, Principles of Marketing, Pearson Hall, Singapore Trout, J. , (1969) Positioning is a game people play in today ¶s me-too market place, Industrial Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 6, (June 1969), pp. 51 ±55. y Ries, A. and Trout,J. (1981) Positioning, The battle for your mind, Warner Books McGraw-Hill Inc. , New York, 1981, ISBN 0-446-34794-9 y Trout, J. and Rivkin, S. (1996) The New Positioning : The latest on the worlds #1 business strategy, McGraw Hill, New York, 1996, ISBN 0-07-065291-

Profile of Christiane Amanpour

Profile of Christiane Amanpour Christiane Amanpour, CNN Chief Intl Correspondent for 20 Years: Christiane Amanpour, one of the worlds most honored broadcast journalists, was CNN Chief International Correspondent for 20 years. Shes also said to be the worlds highest-paid correspondent. On March 18, 2010, ABC News named Amanpour as moderator for its Sunday morning The Week interview program, starting on August 1, 2010. She left CNN after 27 years. An Amanpour report validates a storys importance. Shes often given insider access where other reporters are neither welcomed nor allowed. Shes an authority on Islam with extensive Middle East and worldwide connections. Recently Notable: Commented Amanpour on March 18, 2010, Im thrilled to be joining the incredible team at ABC News. Being asked to anchor This Week and the superb tradition started by David Brinkley, is a tremendous and rare honor and I look forward to discussing the great domestic and international issues of the day. Amanpour was in the Baghdad courtroom on October 19, 2005 when Saddam Hussein made his first trial appearance, and at Husseins initial hearing in 2004. Time magazine has called her the most influential foreign correspondent since Edward R. Murrow. Personal Data: Birth - January 12, 1958 in LondonEducation - From age 11, attended two Roman Catholic all-girls schools in Great Britain. Graduated Summa Cum Laude from University of Rhode Island in 1983 with a BA in Journalism.Family - Married since 1998 to James (Jamie) Rubin, US State Department spokesman under President Clinton; one son, Darius, born in 2000. Growing Up Christiane Amanpour: Born to Iranian airline executive Mohammed Amanpour and his British wife, Patricia, her family moved to Tehran soon after her birth. Christiane led a privileged life in Iran, and then at British boarding schools. She studied journalism in London only because her sister backed out of attending and couldnt obtain a tuition refund. Her family fled Iran, and became refugees, in 1979 during the Islamic Revolution. Shortly thereafter, Amanpour moved to Rhode Island to attend college. Christiane Amanpours Early Career Years: While a student, Amanpour interned at the Rhode Island NBC affiliate WJAR. After graduation, she endured numerous network rejections because she lacked the right look. She eventually landed an assistants job on CNNs international desk in Atlanta. I arrived at CNN with a suitcase, with my bicycle and with about 100 dollars. She was transferred to Eastern Europe in 1986, during the fall of Communism. It was there that her reporting caught the attention of CNN brass. Christiane Amanpour as CNN Foreign Correspondent: Amanpour was elevated to CNN foreign correspondent in 1989, where she reported on democratic revolutions in Eastern Europe. She first attained widespread acclaim for her riveting coverage of the Persian Gulf War in 1990, followed by award-winning reporting of the conflicts in Bosnia and Rwanda. Based in London, shes reported from war zones in Iraq, Israel, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Rwanda and beyond. Shes also secured innumerable exclusive interviews with world leaders. Amanpour Exclusive Interviews, Partial List: 2003 British Prime Minister Tony Blair, French President Jacques Chirac just prior to the War in Iraq2003 Mahmoud Abbas, first Palestinian Prime Minister2002 Palestinian President Yasser Arafat, in isolation in his Ramallah headquarters. (Arafat hung up on her after a shouting match.)2001 Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf during the war against Afghanistan1999 Mikhail Gorbachev on the 10th anniversary of Communisms fall1997 Mohammad Khatami, new President of Iran Awards and Accolades, Partial List: On June 17, 2007, Amanpour was named by Queen Elizabeth as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, which is only one step shy of knighthood. Professional awards include:2000 Edward R. Murrow Award for Distinguished Achievement in Broadcast Journalism2002 Harvards Goldsmith Career Award for JournalismTwo Emmy news/documentary awardsTwo George Foster Peabody Awards for BroadcastingTwo George Polk Awards for JournalismCourage in Journalism Award, International Womens Media FoundationMajor role in two duPont awards and a Golden Cable Ace award given to CNN Interesting Personal Notes: While attending University of Rhode Island, she became friends and shared an off-campus house with Brown University student John F. Kennedy, Jr. They remained close friends until his 1999 death. Christiane Amanpour is described as modest, private and quite magnetic. Her reporting is unfailingly hard-hitting, accurate and insightful. Shes often pictured on-camera sans make-up and in an ever-present, unglamorous flak jacket. She was named 1997 Iranian Woman of the Year. Memorable Quotes: Remember the movie Field of Dreams when the voice said, Build it and they will come? Well somehow that dumb statement has always stuck in my mind, and I always say, If you tell a compelling story, they will watch. I think that as a country that is so powerful, so good in its values, so determined to spread values such as democracy, morality around the world...its absolutely vital...that the people of the United States get a look at whats going on outside. Its our role and its our job to be able to go to these places and bring back stories, just as a window on the world. I remember once doing a live shot from a so-called famine camp in Ethiopia-and actually in Somalia as well. I was showing a man and telling his story and explaining how ill he was, and it was a live camera. All of a sudden, I realized that he was dying. And I didnt know what to do, I didnt know how to break that moment, how to get the camera away, what to do that would not sully what was happening in real life. And then theres always the crying and the weeping that we hear.....children, women, even men. And these images and these sounds are always with me....-...a strange thing has happened, something I never expected. Sadly, (my) marriage and motherhood have coincided with the demise of journalism as I knew it and I dreamt that it would always be. I am no longer sure that when I go out there and do my job, itll even see the light of air, if the experience of my colleagues is anything to go by. More times than I care to remember, I have sympathized with too many of them assigned like myself, to some of the worlds royal bad places. They would go through hell to do their pieces, only to frequently find them killed back in New York, because of some fascinating new twist on killer Twinkies or Fergie getting fatter or something. I have always thought it morally unacceptable to kill stories...that people have risked their lives to get.

If Youre an Independent Author, Check out Big Als Books Pals

If Youre an Independent Author, Check out Big Als Books Pals Would it surprise you to know that the Big-Five traditional publishers account for only 16% of the e-books on Amazons bestseller lists? If you are an independent author or working with a small press, then these are promising statistics. And thats why Kindle and indie-focused reviewers like Big Als Books Pals can be a great resource for gaining reviewer exposure in a marketplace tilted significantly in your favor.Why is this? Because the rest of the books populating those lists are from independent authors, with nearly 40% of the e-book sales going straight into the writers pocket (as it should!). Sci-fi and Fantasy dominate the e-book and Amazon Kindle Store market, but all genres are seeing a significant rise in sales.Exposure for indie writersBig Als Books Pals is an excellent resource for a glimpse into the latest and greatest in the independent literary world. Whether you are an independent writer looking to gain exposure, or an avid reader who just loves independent authors, t his website has you covered. With reviews, news, and commentary, Big Al, a self-admitted avid reader for many decades, curates a blog along with a team of fellow reviewers that helps sift through the variety of (sometimes disappointing) options available on the independent publishing market. Put simply, the reviewing team is focused on helping readers find the writers and books worthy of attention, and on helping independent authors gain the exposure they need to achieve success in their writing.I think were living in an exciting time. The opportunity to experience a variety of voices, different subject matter in fiction, and to find quality reading off the beaten path is greater than ever before. This is why I focus on indie authors.Big AlHow it all startedWith extensive industry experience writing music reviews for a variety of websites and magazines, Big Al speaks of how he was always approached by readers asking why he didnt have a book review blog. People trusted his opinion an d wanted to know how he felt about books, as well. One thing led to another, which eventually led to Big Als Books Pals.His other website, The Indie View, includes resources for independent authors and their readers, interviews with some of the best writers in the business, and a database of reviewers who are indie-friendly for authors interested in getting the word out about their books. Along with his contributions to his two websites, he also regularly contributes to Indies Unlimited and is listed as a contributing author to Indies Unlimited: Tutorials and Tools for Prospering in a Digital World (Amazon US, Amazon UK, Smashwords) and Indies Unlimited: Tutorials and Tools for Prospering in a Digital World Vol II (Amazon US, Amazon UK, Smashwords).How writers can benefitFor an independently published writer, it doesnt take long to discover that writing the manuscript was only the first challenge. After the final draft has gone to print, authors are left with a major life accomplis hment crossed off their list but months and years of marketing their work if they expect to find success as a writer.Theres no question that getting great reviews for your book is the key to increasing exposure and sales in a digital format. In fact, Amazon reviews are one of the main driving factors to peoples purchasing decisions.And its not just Amazon reviews that drive this. One survey published on YouGov reveals that 78 percent of U.S. consumers make a decision to purchase an item based solely on online reviews. In fact, theres survey data showing that 87% of consumers will come closer to trusting information presented in an online review than they will information given to them by their close friends or family members. Thats a lot of sway that online reviews have over an independent authors book sales.Put simply, when your book has positive reviews, especially from a trusted source like Big Als Books Pals, the audience of that review will trust that purchasing your book will be a good investment for them. Reviews also benefit your marketing strategies as a self-published author in that they can be used on press releases and other communications to draw the attention of local and national bookstore chains.A large hurdle that many indie writers face is the bulk of professional book reviewers who wont review anything published outside of the major publishing houses. Thats why reviewers like Big Al and his team - who focus their work entirely on self-published and small press books - are such a valuable resource.What to expectWith a mixture of humor, intelligence, and skepticism, Big Als reviews offer a no-holds-barred look at everything from narrative style to overall impact of a story or work of non-fiction. Across the website, youll find evidence that Big Al knows what hes talking about in whats moving and shaking in the world of independent publishing. He knows what hes talking about to such a degree that he promises his readers an honest review, so theres no going back once your book is submitted. Hes even had authors demanding that he take down negative reviews of their books, which doesnt happen often since he curates from a large selection of submissions.So, if you do submit your book to be reviewed, know that the review will be honest and non-negotiable. Which is what any great book reviewer should supply to his trusting readers in the first place.Submitting a book for reviewFor writers wishing to take advantage of Big Als Books Pals wide audience of avid readers, the website accepts books for review as long as the book meets specific criteria. Again, as noted above, its important to note that after your book is submitted, all reviews are final.Here are the specific criteria your book must meet to be reviewed by the team at Big Als Books Pals:It must be available as an eBook from Amazon.com.It must be one of the followingshort story (or short story collection), novella, or full-length novel.You can submit any genre of fi ction. Big Al and his team will also review non-fiction books, but it must be a subject that is of general interest and one that can be understood by a layperson. This means that if it is on a highly technical theme that requires a lot of background knowledge, your book will likely be passed over and not chosen for review.Only authors, publishers, or other valid representatives can submit books. However, it should be noted that the reviewers for Big Als Books Pals also review books that have not been specifically submitted to them, or that they find on their own.The book must be indie published. According to the websites definition of indie published, the book must be self-published or from a small press and cannot be from one of the big publishing houses. However, if a book was previously published by a large publisher but was re-published as an indie book, then the reviewers will consider it for review.Formats required for submissionBig Als Books Pals accepts manuscripts in any Kindle compatible format (non-DRMed .AZW, .PRC, or .MOBI) or as an email attachment. They also offer submission options with a Smashwords coupon code. However, they will not accept book submissions as Amazon gifts or other formats such as .DOC or .PDF.How books are acceptedAfter you have submitted your book following all guidelines, youll receive an email confirming your submission. While the website makes no promises that any book submitted will be chosen for a review, theres a good chance your book will be chosen by one of the reviewers on the Big Als Books Pals team as long as you follow the submission guidelines.However, due to the nature of the reviewing process, note that it could take up to one year for a reviewer to select and read your book, although reviewers generally get to it before that timeframe if the book is chosen. After one year of being on the list, your book will be dropped from it if it hasnt been chosen by that time.If your book is chosen for review, a review will be written and posted without further notice to you. The easiest way to see if your book was chosen is to follow the Big Als Books Pals blog. After the review is posted to the blog, it will be posted to Amazon.com within two weeks. Reviews might also be posted across other websites, including Goodreads, other eBook retailers, and personal blogs.Special promotionsOne of the best parts of the website is the special promotions and giveaways it offers, as well as an annual Readers Choice Awards.Review formatWhile the best way to see how the reviewers at Big Als Books Pals go about their reviews is to visit the website, below is a quick overview of the sections of each review published. Basic information about the book is provided, including links to purchase it in various formats.A brief author bio with a link to the authors website or social media.Description of the book.An appraisal, including the reviewers overall impressions of the book and how well the author tells the stor y. This is essentially the meat of the review and will contain the most information.An FYI section that includes information that might affect a readers decision to buy and read this book (for example, language or sexual situations). If your book doesnt have any such situations, this section might be left off.A review of any format/typo issues that might be present within the book. What this means is as a self-published author, its important to get your book edited by a professional editor before sending it to print. Even the smallest of typos can have a big impact on your books reception by reviewers and readers alike.And finally, a star rating on a five-star scale.A final wordIn the world of independent publishing, its important to know the right resources to help you to market the book you spent so much time working on to create. Without these well-informed marketing strategies, even the best-written masterpiece can perform poorly with sales- simply due to lack of exposure.Findin g the right exposure is crucial, and Big Als Books Pals is an example of doing it right. Even if youre unsure of how well your book will be received, if youre publishing it, its already going to be out there for the world to read. You have nothing to lose and a lot to gain, so go ahead and submit it for review!

Gulf Oil Spill Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gulf Oil Spill Paper - Essay Example Both the air and water pollutants are primary pollutants (Norse & Amos, 2010). This is because the hydrocarbon fumes, smoke, and the oil are released from the source of pollution directly into the environment. They also keep hold of their chemical components. Question 2 There are a number of effects which are associated to the spill. Numerous different species of animals and coral died. The demise of these marine creatures could be seen as both short-term and long-term effects on the environment and wildlife. Nonetheless, there are other short-term effects of the spill on the wildlife and environment. One, water pollutants may lead to a significant decrease of the marine creatures. Two, oil may penetrate the bodies of marine animals, lessening their insulating capacity, and making them more susceptible to temperature changes and less active in water. The long-term effects include, one, water pollutants may lead to the extinction of species because of the bottlenecking that may happen to attempt to repopulate the creatures. Two, creatures that depend on scent to locate their mothers or babies disappear due to the stout oil smell. This causes the rejection or abandonment of babies, hence their starvation and eventual death (Norse & Amos, 2010). Question 3 The troposphere is closest to the surface of the earth. It has the ability of diluting pollutants. It also moves air pollutants from high pollution production areas to lows production pollution areas. The stratosphere is above the troposphere. Pollutants in this layer remain in the atmosphere for long because they do not disperse. In the mesosphere, temperature lessens with height. Therefore, pollutants remain in the atmosphere for a prolonged period. Temperature augments with height in the thermosphere. Therefore, pollutants are moved from where they have high concentration to other areas. The exosphere is the external layer. This layer enables the movement of pollutants to far distances because molecules and a toms are widely spread. The identified pollutants from the spill will affect the atmosphere. This is because the burned oil releases hydrocarbon fumes and smoke which react to develop ozone in the atmosphere (NOAA, 2013). Question 4 The different cleaning procedures include bioremediation, dispersants, skimming, and natural degradation. Bioremediation Bioremediation entails the employment of micro organism metabolism to get rid of pollutants. It may include ex situ or in situ technologies. Ex situ entails the elimination of the polluted material to be cleaned at a different location. Conversely, in situ entails treating or cleaning the polluted material at the site. Dispersant Dispersants are chemical elements that break the tension that separates water and oil. When a dispersant is sprayed on oil, the oil collects in reduced droplets making them to sink. This facilitates a natural breakdown. Skimming Skimming equipment with fine filtering systems may be utilized to clean up oil spi lls. First, the spill is controlled using booms then the oil is skimmed from the surface. Booms can be made from stout material or neoprene. Natural Degradation The most appropriate way of dealing with an oil spill if it is not probably going to pollute coastal regions or fishing areas is to let it naturally break down (NOAA, 2013). Question 5 There are several new regulations and safety measures for oil drilling. One, organizations are required to provide

Critically analyse the problems involved in Police use of discretion Essay

Critically analyse the problems involved in Police use of discretion - Essay Example In simple terms the use of discretion by police refers to their action and ability to choose when to intervene and when not to intervene in the enforcement of law. Reiner regarded discretion as a particular tool in police organisation to be used by officers at the very ground level who are operating away from the immediate supervision of management This paper shall critically analyse the problems involved in the police use of discretion. It shall specifically discuss the practice of ethnic and other subjective considerations in routine stops and searches, the evaluation of domestic violence incidents, and similar police activities.The use of discretion is far greater in the police, even at their lowest levels, as compared to other organizations. This means that the constables in police enjoy more discretion than any other organisation even in police organisation. This is because the constables have direct interaction with the public while policing and patrolling2. Issues have now com e up in relation to police officers and their need to apply discretion in their activities. Various factors have to be considered in order for the police to decide how much effort is needed in order to enforce specific laws which help control lawlessness. It is also important to note how a comprehensive police guidance detailing the manner of discretion which may be applied in specific circumstances can actually be insufficient for police officers to apply in order to avoid abuse of discretion. In these cases, it is difficult to include all the scenarios where discretion may be utilized in a single book. Moreover, even racial discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities may lead to a misuse of discretion. Nevertheless, according to Goldstein, there are no set rules or even a rule-book to follow for police officers to follow in handling police encounters3. Police officers cannot also be instructed on how to handle specific situations because most of their activities are part o f routine policing where they often work away from supervisory authorities. Body There are various issues which are seen with the use of discretion. One of the issues is based on the fact that police officers may not have as much experience in policing and this may sometimes lead them to misuse their discretion in the apprehension of suspected criminals4. Moreover, their discretion may be affected by factors which include the inappropriate use of subjective and demographic factors to impact on their decisions as police officers. These factors may include racial or ethnic minority and in some cases, even gender. Newburn and Reiner discuss that the pattern of police discretion which lead to issues in its application is fashioned by different elements including class, race, gender, and age5. These factors often cause society to manifest various responses to police officers. Vulnerable people and the minority groups are often subjected to the unfair applications of police discretion. St udies establish that this discretion is often abused among young, black, lower class, and among males6. Patrolling among police officers on these individuals often include strict surveillance which often leads to abuse of discretion. This negative approach in the use of discretion often causes a very negative approach against the police. In a study by the Home Office, black people have a higher likelihood of being pulled over by the police officers for routine stops and searches7. Police officers seem to be highly influenced by the stereotypes about black people being criminals or offenders. In a discussion by author and criminal analyst Frank Remington, he acknowledged the fact that police officers must have a significant role in moulding and establishing a proper law enforcement process for the general population8. He compared the Federal Trade Commission, which is an administrative agency who has the responsibility of developing enforcement policies, and the local police departme nts

Families of color creating harmony and optical illusions Essay Example for Free

Families of color creating harmony and optical illusions Essay Modern television production, music videos and movies rely on influential power of colors to capture and hold an audience. Glowing spell bounding colors perceived by bright sunlight originated with advanced study of basic art concepts. In the 1600s, Newton invented the famous color wheel, providing the standard guideline for combining colors creating a multicolored pleasant visual appeal, beginning with three basic colors. The color wheel breaks color down by category, forming families of color. As long as the colors on the color wheel form grey shades when mixed together, they are considered to belong to the same family. This is what is meant by family of colors. The categories of colors are identified as primary, secondary or tertiary, complementary, split complementary, analogue, and triad. Primary colors on the color wheel consists of only three colors; red, blue and yellow. From these three basic colors, all other color combinations are created. Secondary colors are mixed primary colors. For example, mixing two primary colors, red and blue, makes secondary purple. Hue is defined the way color is seen or two colored visual effects. Hues are two toned colors, red-green and blue-yellow are most commonly used. Complimentary colors are directly opposite of each other on the color wheel. Analogue colors are a combination of any three colors as long as they are next to each other on the color wheel. Triad colors are equally distant colors. Once the artists understands thoroughly how to coordinate colors using the color wheel, then optical illusions and harmony can be formed. Color harmony is a combination of colors complimenting each other to create a pleasant visual image, or a complete picture. To understand how the color wheel may be used to create harmony, the wheel breaks the harmony down ever further than the basic colors in a chart called a histogram. â€Å"Harmonic colors hold a specific relationship by their position within a color space. † (King, 2002). Monochromatic (a small slice of the color wheel of adjacent hues), Complementary (two-color scheme on opposite sides), Split complementary, split, and four-tone chord. (King 2002) Hue histogram is a diagram showing which colors belong to the same family, and which colors contrasts. After the color specialists decide on a specific, chosen colors are mixed determining what degrees the cells are tinted. Colored cells shades and colors are called pixel value. This is most time consuming, part of the image making process, but also the most significant process contributing to the visual appeal. Making the process easier and more thorough is the hue histogram. Hue histogram uses alphabetical angels; i I V l T Y X N. http://www. websiteoptimization. com/speed/tweak/color-harmony/ This histogram is used to create harmony and create optical illusion image. Color harmony is used to create a picture, optical illusions uses color to make the picture appear as a moving image. In Victor Vasarely, optical illusion image the Orion C, he used shapes and contours with color. The colors may have belonged to the same family of colors, but many of these were not hues, or laying next to each other. In the center, he used light blue next to light pink. He used wide range of colors far apart on the histogram but all belonging to the same family of colors. Normally, black and white are not considered colors, only shades. He used plenty white to give the illusions of squares moving into each other. In the Orion C, the viewer can look at one square, and before they know it, they find themselves looking at another square. http://www. artinthepicture. com/artists/Victor_Vasarely/ In Bearden J Moods, Music and Life image, the artist used color harmony. The ranges selected from the color wheel where colors very close together or next to each other, called hues. Of course not all of the colors used where hues, but they did not range more than 3 shades apart. Colors were selected to distinguish the difference of the objects. http://www. nga. gov/education/classroom/bearden/musli1. shtm Hue histograms are used by color technicians providing lifelike and mood enhancing images, videos and movies. When using the hue histogram, it is important to realize the alphabetical angles can move. The V on the color gram can move to cover different shades, but the size of the angel cannot be widened to include more colors. If the artists is to create harmony, they must follow the rules. Sometimes contrasting images are desired instead of harmony. For the image to have a pleasant visual appeal, color rules still apply. Contrast would use the T-shape. Even in complex images, everything starts with three basic colors, using the wheel. In the 1600s, Newton invented the famous color wheel, providing the standard guideline for combining colors creating a multicolored pleasant visual appeal, beginning with three basic colors. References The art of Romare Bearden, A resource for teachers; http://www. nga. gov/education/classroom/bearden/musli1. shtm Art in the picture; Victor_Vasraely; http://www. artinthepicture. com/artists/Victor_Vasarely/ King, 2002, Automated Color Harmony Tools, http://www. websiteoptimization. com/speed/tweak/color-harmony/

Edgar Degas-en Francais :: essays research papers

Edgar Degas Edgar Degas à ©tait un peintre impressionniste trà ¨s important. Il s’est spà ©cialisà © en verticales des personnes, principalement danseurs de ballet. Degas n’etait pas simplement un impressionniste, parce qu’il est allà © au delà   de celui et est devenu un modà ¨le pour l’avant-garde, aussi bien que pour Toulouse-Lautrec son palpeur, et Gaugin son admirateur. Les à ©và ©nements de la vie de Degas ne sont pas d’intà ©rà ªt excessif ou romantique. Le 19 Juillet 1834 il à ©tait Hilaire Germaine nommà © nà © Edgar de Gas à   Paris. Il à ©tait le plus vieux de cinq enfants vivants. Degas embarquà © chez le Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand, un des trois à ©coles qui l’ont prà ©parà © sont des pupilles pour l’Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure, endroit à ©ducatif de la France. C’est oà ¹ Degas fait beaucoup la vie de longs amis. L’à ©ducation, cependant, a laissà © quelque chose à ªtre dà ©sirà ©, des maths et la science d’ offre. Apres qu’il soit parti de l’ecole il a continue le souhait de son pere et a commence a etudier la loi. Apres un an de ceci il a quitte pour se concentrer sur devenir un artiste reussi. Son pere a ete impressionne de sa determination et lui a permis de continuer sur son formation artistique. Degas est alors entre dans le studio de Louis Lamothe, un artiste qui a etudie avec Ingres. Degas etait seulement dans l’atelier Lamothe pendant une annee mais ceci a commence son respect profond pour Ingres. Il a alors etudie d’Ecole des Beaux Arts a Paris. Degas plus tard etudie dans l’auvent et avez puis commence l’etude des peintres modernes aussi bien que les vieux maitres. Il est alors parti pour que l’Italie continue son education independamment. L’Italie a ce moment-la etait le but de tous les artistes aspirants. Degas trois annees epuisees de sa vie en Italie etudiant les peintures des artistes dans les galeries et pratiquees dessiner ses parents. Les peintures le plus tot terminees de Degas etaient de belles verticales de famille. Ensuite il s’est deplace a Paris et a commence a travailler a la forme d’art la plus elevee alors, les peintures de grande puissance d’histoire. Dans le mi 1860’s Degas a commence le peinture d’un contemorary dans la vie. Ce changement de son dessin-modele etait plus-probable inspire par ses amities avec Manet et d’autres impressionnistes. Il a commence a peindre peu de verticales et a fait la piste et le ballet ses nouveaux sujets. Degas a joue un role important en organisant les expositions impressionnistes dans le 1870’s et 1880’s.

Non Violence and Will Power

Non-violence and Willpower Why does an individual indulge in violence? This question has great importance for one who practices non-violence. Its answer compels us to probe the unconscious. We discover there what psychologists call a repressed desire that drives one to violence. It can be controlled only by strong willpower, which is the same as a strong vrata or vow. It is for this purpose that the Anuvrata movement is going on. The unconscious harbours ego which accounts for the individual getting enjoyment out of thinking very high of himself and very low of others. Discrimination practiced on the basis of race and colour is but one manifestation of man's ego. Irrational insistence too is rooted in ego. Here in also lies the seed of the communal problem. Here it is relevant to recall one of the vows of Anuvrata: â€Å"I will believe in human unity, will eschew any discrimination based on race, colour etc as well as untouchability. † But if we want to develop non-violence, it is not enough to be conscious merely of the present events. We should be equally conscious of the prime instincts causing the events. Thus it is necessary in the present context to work for disarmament and banning wars. But it is not enough, for it is only like fighting a fire without discovering its causes. We have to do both things– fight the fire that is raging and, more importantly, find out the factors that have caused it. Likewise, solving the existing problem of violence and discovering the basic cause of violence are equally necessary. People working in the field of non-violence are much less concerned about the latter and this, according to us, is the biggest impediment to the growth of non-violence. Armament, disarmament, war and banning of war–all these matters fall within the jurisdiction of various governments. The common man has nothing to do with them. And those wielding power are not likely to listen to the talk about non-violence. We have, therefore, to involve the common people in achieving non-violence. These people, as we have seen, have no role in deciding matters of peace and war or of armament and disarmament, but they undoubtedly have the power to decide the destiny of those who decide the above matters. For achieving it,intense faith, incessant striving and complete devotion are needed. We have reason to believe that these qualities will emerge in those working in the field of non-violence.

Historical Process of Individuals

CARIBBEAN STUDIES TOPIC: THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL PROCESSES REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Describe TWO responses of Caribbean people oppression. (4 marks – 2005) 2. (a) Explain briefly the significance of â€Å"adult suffrage†. (2 marks – 2006) (b)Suggest TWO reasons why support for adult suffrage grew in Caribbean societies in the early 20th century. (4 marks – 2006) 3. (a) Name TWO regional territories to which large numbers of Caribbean people migrated between 1838 and 1920. (2 marks – 2007) (b)Give TWO reasons for such migration. (4 marks – 2007) 4. (a) Explain what is meant by indentureship in the context of the Caribbean experience. 2 marks – 2004) (b)State TWO ways in which indentureship differed from slavery in the Caribbean. (4 marks – 2004) 5. Describe THREE ways in which enslavement of people in the Caribbean contributed to the erasure of their cultural practices. (6 marks – 2003) 6. (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘colonial education’. (2 marks – 2008) (b) Name TWO institutions that facilitated colonial education in the Caribbean. (2 marks – 2008) 7. (a) Name TWO groups of indentured labourers who were brought to the Caribbean after emancipation in 1838. 2 marks – 2009) (b) Give TWO reasons why EACH group of indentured labourers were brought to the Caribbean. (4 marks – 2009) 8. Explain what is meant by term ‘resistance’. (2 marks – 2010) 9. Describe TWO ways in which the Haitian Revolution impacted Caribbean society and culture. (4 marks – 2010) ESSAY QUESTIONS: CHOOSE ONE 1. Using examples from the Caribbean, explain how Caribbean people throughout history have responded to oppression. (2008) OR 2. Describe THREE ways in which education facilitated the colonial agenda in the Caribbean. (2010)

Deciding for the bomb essays

Deciding for the bomb essays There are many reasons that the Atomic bomb was used on Japan. There are many that criticize the bombing, but I support it. The main reasons for President Harry Truman decided to drop the bomb were, to save lives (American Lives), to bring about a quicker resolution to the war, and to send a message to the world that we now had military supremacy. Growing up in a military family, (with a dad a Vietnam vet, and a grandfather who would have fought in Japan if we had invaded), may have biased my personal opinions, but in my mind it is all a matter of numbers when it comes to war. War is a matter of how many lives each side has to waste, and who runs low first generally surrenders. War is hate by it's own nature. It is a hate that reaches to the core of every citizen, of each side, at some level. I do not believe the bomb was dropped in hate, but in a step toward peace, saving perhaps more lives, than the bombs killed. When looking at the Japanese, I agree with Fussell, on his ideas that the Japanese citizens were going to continue to fight for their side, even when the ranks of their army had been depleted. At this we see Fussell reference images of children and women with bamboo spears fighting our troops, which very well could have been a reality, but possibly more horrific with perhaps suicide bombings as seen in other later wars. The honor these people feel for their country and heritage drives them so much. To give up, and especially giving up the emperor, would have been turning their back on their culture, and this dishonor they could not stand for. They had the belief in them that they were right and their own hate fueled them enough to be admirable fighters. A culture with beliefs such as Hare-Kari, (the precursor to kamikaze) and high values of honor, they were not simply going to give up. The fighting would have continued, and many more troops would have lost their lives. The b omb was ...

Sing a Spanish Version of Deck the Halls

Sing a Spanish Version of Deck the Halls Here is a Spanish version of the popular Christmas song Deck the Halls. Note that this song isnt a translation of the English but rather a Christmas-themed song that uses the same tune. Ya lleg la Navidad  ¡Ya llegà ³ la Navidad!  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la. ¡Quà © alegre se siente el alma!  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Vamos todos a cantar.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laVamos todos a reà ­r.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la. Apà ³stoles y magos vienen  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la.Adorar al tierno nià ±o.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laVamos todos a cantar.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laVamos todos a reà ­r.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la Por doquiera llevaremos  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laMensaje de buenas nuevas  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laVamos todos a cantar.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-laVamos todos a reà ­r.  Ã‚  Fa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la Translation Here is a translation of this Spanish song omitting the fa-la-la refrain: Christmas is already here! How happy the soul feels!Lets all go to sing. Lets all go to laugh. Apostles and magi come to worship the tender boy.Lets all go to sing. Lets all go to laugh. Lets carry the message of good news everywhere.Lets all go to sing. Lets all go to laugh. Vocabulary and Grammar Notes Note how in Spanish only the first word and the proper noun Navidad are capitalized in the songs title. The same pattern is used for other composition titles such as the names of novels and movies. Ya is a common adverb that has many translations but generally is used as a way of adding emphasis. Llegà ³ is the singular third-person preterite form of llegar, which means to arrive. The Spanish verb is used in a figurative way, as here, more often than the English verb. Navidad is the Spanish word for Christmas. It is frequently used, as here, with the definite article la. In Spanish, it is not unusual to place the subject after the verb, as is done in the first line.  ¡Quà © adjective! is a common way of saying How adjective! Vamos is the first-person plural imperative of ir, the verb for to go. Vamos a infinitive is the usual way to say lets go verb. Vienen is a form of the irregular verb venir. Por doquiera is a shortened form of por dondequiera, meaning everywhere. This shortened form is found primarily in songs and poetic writing. Llevaremos is the first-person plural form of llevar, which usually means to carry.

Summary the aticle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary the aticle - Essay Example Jean Gregoine disagreed with this view. He believed that the technique on which the utilization of material depends should be progressive and hence beauty would change too. Aesthetic qualities are expendable and liable to wastage of effect. For instance, the part to be repaired in Bugatti is hidden for the sake of beauty, which makes repairs difficult to be conducted in contrast to Buick where the stress is not on the beauty but practical performance and repairs. In Buick the technical and aesthetic qualities have been given equal importance whereas Bugatti is a monument of abstract art. The criticism of popular art depends upon the analysis of content which lends appreciation to superficial qualities. The industrial designer should have the ability to design a product that is good, desirable, and exciting. This trend becomes more pronounced as culture becomes mechanized when the middle-class people become educated. The designer has to be in touch with the masses and determine to what extent fine arts can be integrated with popular art and what will sell. This alone can bring out innovative, aesthetically appealing, and functionally good product. During the Second Industrial Age there was a connection between design practice and the theoretical self-awareness. With the development of design management, changes took place in the management of machinery design. Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company, brought about innovation in design management. They were market leaders in machine tool manufacturing in 1900. They brought changes with non-mechanical decoration in 1911. All designs had to conform to a style manual issued by the Chief Draughtsman and the purpose was to create artistic machines with analytical engineering. This means the process by which the machines were designed and manufactured were transformed. This involved book learning and shop

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade Essay

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Trade - Essay Example It is also because of free trade that multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization, North American Free Trade Agreement, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation were formed. Generally, the aim of these formations is to reduce tariffs and to abolish these ultimately in order to remove barriers to free trade. Globalization itself is an offspring of the free trade concept. The objective of globalization is to remove national borders and to have a world economy that is governed not by states but by the abstract laws of the market. However, free trade has been found to have serious flaws too. It may have advantages but its disadvantages are also just as significant. Because of this, the debate on whether it is really good or bad to the economy of a country has been brought to the fore. One camp insists that free trade brings about economic development that would benefit society while the other asserts that it leads to more serious social inequalities and unfair trading pr actices. In order to determine whether it is really beneficial or not, it would be necessary to discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of free trade. By doing so, one can weigh the pros and cons and come up with a conclusion as to whether free trade is generally positive or negative. The Advantages of Free Trade One of the very first points that are often raised regarding the advantage of free trade is related to increased production. In order for a country to trade with others, it is compelled to heighten its production of commodities in which it is specialising in. The premise here is that every country has a comparative advantage. David Ricardo explains that â€Å"a nation was said to possess comparative advantage in those products for which its labour was relatively productive† (Yoffie 1993: 4). If a country has to exchange goods with another it would be compelled to increase its production to equalize the trade. It is through the increase of production that other b enefits and advantages of free trade would follow. Whatever comparative advantage a country may have would be lost though if production is inefficient. One that does not engage in international trade would naturally be less inspired to improve the efficiency of its production. In a world with a free market system though, competition among the traders inevitably becomes intense. Consequently, such competition would prompt the manufacturers or producers not just to enhance the quality of their products but also raise the efficiency of their production. Through better efficiency, more could be produced and less wastage is achieved. If the commodities produced by a particular country are of better quality than those of its competitors, these would gain the advantage in the market. This is obviously good for the economy of the said nation. Improving production efficiency would also prompt technological advances. Apparently, it is only through automation that many types of commodities can be produced in large quantities while raising the level of its quality. With the manufacture of more machines and devices in support of automation, production or the creation of value by a society consequently increases. The two aforementioned advantages of free trade lay the basis for the following other benefits. Free trade is beneficial to the consumers or the buying public in a country that is engaged in it.

Latin America and the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin America and the World - Essay Example Urban development and immigration were at the increase due to the rise of agriculture and business development. Consequently, there was the emergence of the urban classes which opted to merge with the political movement (Leopoldo 102). In water for chocolate, the author starts in Mexico City where, the person named Tita introduces herself. It is the story of an active girl who had just celebrated her 15th birthday, to the occasion of her life when she was at the age of 39. In the foremost chapter, the author demonstrates the necessity of responsibility and responsibility, as it was the first contention that Tita faced. Tita was at a problem as her family required her to reject Pedro’s marriage proposal, since they required her to stay put in the house so that she could take care of her widowed mother always (Laura 76). This was like permission specified to her by the culture, which anticipated her to complete the duty of helping for her widowed mother. The issue of gender based unfairness portrayed in the Latin society in that century, as Tita’s mother denied her freedom to marry the man she always loved, Pedro. Another instance of gender inequality arises as we see Esperanza denied the opportunity t o join Alex brown, by her mother as she claims that institution must be followed to the latter. This harsh rule by Tita’s mother makes her start a secret love with Pedro since she knew that bearing children would be of support to her marriage in the prospect life, given that they would also cater for her as she grows older (Laura 2010). For now, in the house of the spirit, the author introduces Clara as a young girl, who at that time, was writing about her pet in her journal, which was enormous hound. The Del Valle families’ gathers at the church as they listen to the priest, who turns out to be over fervent in his discourse as he later curses Clara citing that the demons infatuated her.

Explain Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Explain Anselms Ontological Argument Essay Anselm wanted to prove the existence of God, so he proposed the ontological argument. The ontological argument is deductive, and uses a priori reasoning. This means that it starts with a statement that is known to be true solely through definition (God is the greatest conceivable being) and develops the implications of this statement in order to reach a reasonable conclusion. The deductive reasoning allows him to simply showing what the definition means. Hence, Anselm states that God exists in the mind, even the mind of those who deny His existence. However he points out that it is greater to exist in reality and in the mind than in the mind alone. Take for example; a pile of notes worth  £1000. If it exists in the mind it is merely a pleasant thought, however, if it exists in reality it can be spent and is greater. Since God is the greatest conceivable being, He must exist in reality and in the mind, because to think otherwise involves contradiction of the theory, which you agree with. Anselm also says that God could possibly be a contingent God, who is dependent on something else for existence. If this was true God would not be worthy of worship and would not be the greatest conceivable being. A necessary God, one whose non existence is impossible, is greater than a contingent God whose non existence is possible. God has no creator, so to have to have someone else to depend on for existence, means they are not God. Therefore, we must accept that god is also necessary, as well as existant in reality, because to think otherwise involves a contradiction. The reason for people being able to deny the existence of God is due to them knowing the definition of the word God, not the existence of God.

Fallacy Summary and Application Essay -- essays research papers

Abstract An argument is fallacious when it contains one or more logical fallacies. A logical fallacy is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning (2002). When using critical thinking to make decisions, an individual or group needs to be aware of logical fallacies and how they relate to decision-making. Logical fallacies can be used to manipulate a situation and if a person or group does not recognize logical fallacies, the person or group can be manipulated during the decision-making process. This paper will discuss three common logical fallacies and how they can be used in the decision-making process between management and subordinates in a business setting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Management Guru website states that, in logic, a fallacy is more than a mistaken belief; it is a flaw in the argument. Fallacies can be created intentionally because a person has an agenda or can be created by simple error. Because a fallacy is not a sound argument, critical thinking requires that we be cautious of arguments that attempt to persuade us to an action or belief that intuitively is uncomfortable (www.mgmtguru.com). At a small local company when the problem of excessive use of Internet access on company servers arose, managers and their subordinates used fallacious arguments to express their concerns during the problem solving and decision-making process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During a discussion group meeting that wa...

Nursing Image

Common perspective sees nurses as ‘secondary’ profession in the medical treatment environment. However, the public is often unaware of the significance of the profession toward daily activities of the medical system. Recent articles and researches revealed increasing roles of nurses. An article by Patricia Foster and J.M Whitworth, for example, revealed the importance of nursing profession in telemedicine and care for child abuse. Advances of communication technology have created a system that enables trained nurses to play a significant role in the psychological investigation of abused children (Foster & Whitworth, 2005). Another study suggested that nurses are also playing a significant part in the issue of medical waste. The International Council for Nurses has agreed to socialize a new standard that encourage nursing organization to educate nurses in terms of medical waste awareness (â€Å"Medical Waste,† 2005). Despite being seen as secondary role, the profession is still ‘positively valued’ by most aspects of the society. General image of a nurse is still largely positive as seen in several popular Hollywood motion pictures. As movies is in fact, the quickest way to determine a society’s perspective toward a certain character or profession, it is reasonable to use popular movies in order to assess the present image of nurses and their roles in common medical treatment process. Within this short elaboration, we will assess the image and roles of nurses, from the movie, Pearl Harbor. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment Within the movie, Pearl Harbor, the nurses are seen as one of the mail roles. Their presence is shown from the beginning of the movie, but their active roles are presented in a special segment of the movie, showing dramatic scenes. The movie displays that the nurse profession requires professionalism and intelligence as well as mental strength in certain times and conditions. There were times that the nurses need to perform unorthodox treatment method in order to cope with the suppressing conditions. As shown in the motion picture, adaptation and creativity to face unexpected circumstances are necessary to provide the best care for patients. Sometimes, they work together with non-medical personnel because the lack of sufficient number of available nurses. Within the special segment of the movie, the nurses are shown to assume control of the situation. This is logical due to the emergence of the event that took place. However, they kept their places under orders from the doctors, to preserve medical order and good coordination between the medical personnel. The doctors are shown to have more authority and do most of the talking. Nevertheless there are circumstances where young and inexperienced doctor require experienced nurses to guide and support them. In the absence of available doctors, the nurses are shown to take charge of the medical treatment process. Nurses are shown to be in various age in the movie. However, there is no significant scene that presents the image of nurses are men. Most (or all) of the nurse characters are female. There is a strong image that nurses are commonly female, single and physically attractive. This image is shown in the beginning of the movie. However, feminist should not be alarmed, because as the movie proceed to the dramatic scenes, the nurses are shown to be women of character that inspire the value of humanism and passionate to provide service toward others. I have also captured the difference of values between nurses and other profession within the movie. Soldiers are shown to be a lot more aggressive, dominant and careless compare to nurses. These images are perhaps reasonable because their profession demands them to be bold and somewhat careless. The nurses on the other hand, are shown to be careful, organized, highly stable, non-violence human beings that dedicate their lives to the care of others, instead of creating any form of harm. The profession of nurses could be identified with intelligent and confident characters, but hardly ever ambitious. The nurses in this motion picture are shown to help manage the medical treatment process. Some nurses are shown to be capable, despite their lack of experience in handling such circumstances. Some others ‘crack’ under pressure, which is -under the circumstances-, understandable. The nurses are shown to support each other medically as well as mentally. In one of the scenes, the movie even displayed that a nurse is trusted by the head doctor to choose between those salvageable and those cannot be saved. I am not sure about the possibility of this event to take place in real life, but the scene does display the significant role of nurses in medical emergency. Reference Foster, Patricia., & Whitworth, J M. (2005). The Role of Nurses in Telemedicine and Child Abuse. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/506916?rss Medical Waste: Role of Nurses and Nursing. n.d. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http://www.icn.ch/psmedwaste.htm Nursing Image A memorable and attractive nurse image is found in the movie â€Å"The English Patient† in the face of Hana, a young French-Canadian nurse skillfully played by Juliette Binoche. Hana is one of the central images of the plot, appearing in ‘present’ part of the film that intersperses present with reminiscences of the past. She does an exceptional job tending to the ‘English patient’ who is surviving only thanks to her determination, perseverance and commitment. She both performs her professional duties towards the patient and develops a personal attitude towards the mutilated man left in her care. Hana seems to be in love with her patient who is far from sexually attractive with his maimed body, perhaps as extrapolation of her caring attitude towards him. Hana is put in a difficult situation, tending to the patient all alone at the time of the war. Her experience shows that a nurse’s job can at times be extremely challenging as nurses have to follow their patients through the most difficult of times and deliver care equally in the time of peace and war. Hana’s job involves many things – she delivers professional care to the patient, washing his wounds and giving him morphine, reads aloud to him, but also fixes the villa and does the gardening. Hana is left alone with her patient – there are no other medical professionals in the vicinity, and she is the sole decision-maker in her professional actions, which underscores the importance of her nursing role. Hana is a really likeable character, mainly because of her personal character and her determination to patient care. She is only twenty when the war starts and makes her mature in the shortest possible time. She is so determined to her work that she cuts her hair after three days in the war and pledges to skip looking in the mirror until it ends. This shows how much her nursing means to her as she is ready to get rid of what made her feminine attraction to be able to deliver quality care to her patients. However, Hana is not devoid of natural women’s desires: she gets attracted to men, exemplified in her relations with Kip, who later becomes her lover, and the English patient himself who she admires secretly as a man who suffered his wounds in the cruel and heroic warfare. Hana’s relationship with the English patient is a complex cobweb of professional commitment and the burgeoning love of the young woman for a man she sees as ideal. Hana is young and attractive, and the viewer takes her infatuation with men as a natural order of things, because it does not seem to interfere with her professionalism. Thus, Hana demonstrates the values of service to others and humanism, since she does not limit her care to professional interactions, but is ready to take the patient as a human being. She maintains his belief in the favorable outcome of the treatment and makes him feel that he should make an effort to survive, since it is personally important to her. There is not much in the movie to depict Hana’s understanding of scholarship or achievement, though. Maybe the reason is that Hana just happened to become a nurse because she wanted to make a contribution to her nation in the time of the war and does not see her future as connected with nursing career. Rather, Hana attends to her duties with a Christian attitude that intertwines the requirements of the nursing profession with the religious beliefs. She talks of her patient as a saint and compares his bones to those of Christ. This religious background clearly serves as an important motivator for Hana, inspiring her in her nursing activities. Hana wins recognition with the surrounding people thanks to her role in providing care. Eventually, she succeeds in building a little world around herself that unites the thief Caravaggio, the English patient, the Indian ‘sapper’ Kip, and herself. All these people find consolation in their association with a lovable woman who also has a caring and affectionate character. Hana wins the affection of the viewer, too, by being thoroughly professional and at the same time deeply humane. Bibliography The English Patient. Dir. Anthony Minghella. 1996.

Politics/Amendment Essay

A written overview of the amendment in question. What does it say specifically?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence† (Sixth Amendment, U.S. Constitution). The rights enumerated under this amendment refer to the codified rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions. Generally the Bill of Rights was incorporated in the Constitution on account of the belief that it was necessary to limit the investigatory and prosecutorial powers of the federal government (Oxford Companion, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rights of the accused in criminal prosecution are: â€Å"1) right to a speedy trial; 2) right to a public trial; 3) right to a trial by jury; 4) notice of the accusation; (5) right to confront the opposing witnesses; 6) right to compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses; and (7) the assistance of counsel or right to counsel† (Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to a speedy trial prevents oppressive incarceration before trial and ensures defense by the accused of his cause. The right to a public trial acts as a safeguard against abuse of judicial power. Moreover, it also assures the accused that he is informed of the charges against him. This is part of due process (Oxford Companion, 2005). The right to confront opposing witnesses refers to the right of the accused to cross examine said witnesses. He is also entitled to subpoena witnesses in his behalf (Oxford Companion, 2005). Finally, the accused is also entitled to be represented by counsel or a lawyer. This shall be lengthily discussed in another section of this paper. When did it become part of the Constitution?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This amendment was ratified and adopted in the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution in 1791 (Oxford Companion, 2005). It was part of the first ten amendments included in the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was actually proposed by James Madison. The group known as Anti-Federalists threatened that if these rights were not included in the Constitution, their states will not ratify the new Constitution. They needed clear safeguards against the vast powers of government. After a compromise was agreed upon, the Constitution was ratified in 1789 but the Bill of Rights was incorporated later and went into effect after it was ratified on December 15, 1791 (National Archives web site, n.d.). 3. What cases have come before the Supreme Court in which this particular amendment was applied?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, two statutes were enacted which in effect accorded the assistance of counsel to those accused (USGPO web site, 2005). The Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the defendant to plead his case in a federal court either personally or by counsel. On the other hand, the Act of 1790 allowed the defendant charged with treason or other capital crime to be defended by counsel which the court will assign to him (USGPO web site, 2005). Even with the ratification of the Sixth Amendment, the right to counsel has limited application. It was only in the 1930s that the Supreme Court developed and enlarged the scope of the Sixth Amendment by virtue of jurisprudence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Powell v. Alabama, the Court set aside the convictions of eight youthful offenders since the trial was conducted in a hasty manner and the defendants were not assisted by counsel. The Court further ruled that there was denial of due process considering that the right to be heard is meaningless if it did not entail the right to be heard by counsel [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. The Court succinctly explained that even if a man is intelligent and learned he may not be skilled in the science of law and may be indicted on an erroneous charge or be convicted based on incompetent evidence. More so, the defendants who are young, indigents, illiterates and are faced with an atmosphere of hostility away from their relatives [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. Thus, it was stressed that it is imperative to be represented by counsel and it imposes a duty upon the Court, whether requested or not to appoint and assign a counsel otherwise, it becomes tantamount to a denial of due process [287 U.S. 45 (1932)]. In the case of Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court enunciated the absolute rule of appointing counsel for all federal criminal defendants. Moreover, it ruled that a waiver of such right must be clear and cannot be presumed from silence of the defendant [304 U.S. 458 (1938)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Betts v. Brady and Progeny, the Court ruled that â€Å"the appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right essential to a fair trial† [316 U.S. 455 (1942)]. It laid down the principle that the right to be represented by counsel is not necessary in state cases involving non capital offenses except in special circumstances. This ruling was held later on after criticisms, to apply only to the incompetents such as the illiterates and retardates or to grant relief in cases of judicial abuse of power [316 U.S. 455 (1942)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hamilton v. Alabama, the rule was in capital cases, the Court must appoint a counsel for the defendant even without proof that defendant may be prejudiced without such appointment or even if the defendant failed to request that one be appointed as his counsel [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].The â€Å"special circumstances rule† was held to apply only in non capital offenses [368 U.S. 52 (1961)].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the cases, Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) and Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963), the Court has laid down the three categories which may be deemed as prejudicial and thus, necessitating the appointment of counsel, namely: â€Å"(1) the personal characteristics of the defendant which made it unlikely he could obtain an adequate defense of his own, (2) the technical complexity of the charges or of possible defenses to the charges, and (3) events occurring at trial that raised problems of prejudice† (USGPO web site, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ruling of the Court in the Betts case was overturned in the landmark case of Gideon v. Wainwright.   The Court in abandoning the Betts reasoning held that the right to assistance of counsel is imperative, basic and fundamental and that the Fourteenth Amendment requires that the same be available and applicable in state courts. In 1972 this ruling was held to apply to misdemeanor and serious misdemeanor cases provided that it carried a penalty of imprisonment [Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972)]. Additionally, the Gideon ruling was also held to apply to youthful offenders in juvenile delinquency litigation in the case of   In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). What, if any connection is there between this constitutional issue and education?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The constitutional issue of the right to assistance of counsel is related to education. The study of law requires knowledge, skill and experience in trial proceedings. Even an educated and intelligent man who is not properly educated and trained in law is considered incompetent and unable to defend himself. Courts are created to punish and deprive the guilty of their liberties through imprisonment and other imposable penalties. Thus, it is imperative that if a person is charged with an offense in court he must be able to put a defense and be heard by a properly trained counsel. To deprive him of this would be tantamount to depriving him of due process and would render nugatory the basic tenets of the Bill of Rights. A person charged of an offense would need the expertise of a counsel so that he does not risk himself of being convicted even if he be innocent simply because he does not know how to establish his innocence. More so an uneducated man, a feeble minded person or an indigent. Consequently, it becomes the duty of the court to appoint counsel so that such person may not be denied due process.   References    Argersinger v. Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25 (1972) Betts v. Brady and Progeny, 316 U.S. 455 (1942) Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 350 (1963) Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52 (1961) In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967). Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938) Moore v. Michigan, 355 U.S. 155 (1957) National Archives and Records Administration web site. ‘Bill of rights.’ Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/bill_of_rights.html Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932) U.S. Government Printing Office web site. ‘Sixth amendment: Rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions† 2002. Retrieved on November 16, 2007, from http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/pdf2002/024.pdf

Looking At The Developmenst Of Social Work Social Work Essays

Looking At The Developmenst Of Social Work Social Work Essays Looking At The Developmenst Of Social Work Social Work Essay Looking At The Developmenst Of Social Work Social Work Essay Social work has been socially constructed as a response to personal, cultural and structural crisis, marginalization and inequality, yet constrained by political, economic and social tendencies. Contemporary pattern has maintained and rejected certain features of its promotion, reacting and accommodating to alter. The profession s theoretical, ethical and structural foundations will be discussed and its values examined. Associating the profession s historical minutes and varied development to societal work s modern-day function, its current place and position, professionally and socially. As societies continue to germinate so must societal work to back uping them, staying antiphonal to those it serves. It is acknowledged that merely certain issues have been discussed ; those presented are non additive nor finite but many-sided and go oning. Industrialization created the mass urbanization of unskilled labor bring forthing societal and economic alteration. Concerns arose over the sustainability of poorness alleviation, prompted by the fright of dependence, societal upset and increasing birth rates. Poor wellness, corruption and marginalization within the working categories was emphasised by spiritual diminution and renferement, provoked moral terror within the higher categories, promoting societal alteration ( Payne, 2005 ) . Simultaneously, broad economic values, prioritizing economic growing and free trade, advancing individualistic values of freedom and duty, conflicted with unregulated province intercession, ( Healy, 2005 ) . The New Poor Law ( 1834 ) embodied the limitation and modernization of alleviation commissariats, implemented by workhouses, which enforced tough alleviation eligibility standards, coupled with harsh and oppressive conditions, actuating self -help in-line with lassize faire political orientation. Relief distinguished between the deserving and the unworthy hapless, those in true need through sick wellness, age or circumstance were treated good in comparing to, the work shy and lazy who exchanged labor for alleviation. The rule of caring developed in workhouses, establishments turned into suppliers of attention and their employees into paid societal work professionals ( Payne, 2005, pp. 330-35 ) . Within the hapless jurisprudence political orientation societal work evolved as a tool to specify the deserving, workhouses developed into specialised attention establishments whilst their financial construction underpinned province provided services. In add-on and contrast, philanthropic almsgiving was indiscriminate, supplying charitable alleviation analogue to the hapless Torahs. Philanthropy ran parallel to hapless jurisprudence alleviation, supported by spiritual morality, fright and responsibility, though manipulated to avoid workhouse conditions, ( Stedman-Jones, 1976 as cited in Harris, 2008 ) . The formation of the Charitable Organisation Society ( COS ) ( 1969 ) provided counsel and rules, foregrounding cognition as a footing to charitable action. The COS believed disorganized and unselective charity encouraged corruption, doing aˆÂ ¦the pauperization of the hapless, ( Payne, 2005 ) bring forthing impermanent alleviation and dependence. Perceiving, charity dignified the giver and enhanced the morality of the receiving system if deserving, yet, if unworthy provided encouragement to stay in poorness. To be beneficent, charity should help adequately i.e. so as to bring forth self assist in the receiver ( Horner, 2009, p. 22 ) . Within modern-day pattern, appraisals define eligibility ; resources are trade goods and the differentiation of demand i mportant to prosecute with services. The COS believed poorness was the accelerator of immorality, offense, bad fortunes and the beginning of physical and mental wellness impositions, impacting persons and society. Consequently, they associated the development of moral character , with the obliteration of poorness, locating regulated charity within the model of the province alleviation system. Guaranting a clear division between the Poor Law and private philanthropic gift was intended to let the former to run harshly and efficaciously ( Yeo, 1973 as cited in Harris 2008, p.665 ) . However, the values and moral principle of the COS, bestowed by the occupational values of its associates, shaped professional methods and patterns. Casework emerged within The Housing Movement aimed to better lodging conditions, helping adult females to budget and organise, achieved by friend sing , developed by Olivia Hill ( COS ) . Awarding support based on moral character, determine by appraisal, which recorded elaborate histories and maintained comprehensive records. Casework evolved, admiting the impact of household relationships, utilizing friendly sing to organize professional interpersonal relationships and later developing attention programs to react to appraisals, to boot supplying preparation. The COS influenced the foundations of pattern, developing values and determining modern-day societal work. Payne ( 2005 ) highlighted the importance of the colony motion in act uponing societal reform and surveillance. Toynbee Hall ( 1884 ) placed elect pupils within deprived vicinities exemplifying moral and educated behavior, societal teaching method, community and group work. Concentrating on external and environmental caus es of want, associating to wellness issues associated with poorness. However, political involvement in societal order and support demand, intend political influence emerged, emanating a degree of control which divided the emerging profession of societal work into attention and control functions. However, where charity did non develop and societal order was threatened the province stepped in, ( Payne, 2005 ) . Reamer 2005 ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) regarded this as the Morality Period , outstanding values were those of faith and individuality, from the COS s evangelical roots and pattern methods. Emerging societal work judged clients against alleviation, positions of morality and behavior justified their actions, yet influenced by political motive for societal reform ( Younghusband 1981 cited in Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) .These patterns and values moulded the profession of societal work to its inclusion with province proviso after WWII. In the twentieth century proviso remained unchanged and undisputed yet, poorness was identified as the catalyst/cause of diverse societal issues and as a response discourse evolved. The in agreement thesis was the obliteration of poorness that would take to the obliteration or at least the decrease -in the effects of societal ailments. ( Horner, 2009, p. 23 ) . The Royal Commission on the Poor Law ( 1905-9 ) considered opposing broad and socialist discourses refering public assistance provision. Two contrasting philosophical attacks to the job of poorness ( Vincent, 1984, p. 346 ) The COS maintained broad Victorian positions, backing hapless jurisprudence alleviation though necessitating reform and advancing single duty, whilst supplying parallel proviso for excluded groups. However, challenging province led intercessions that maintained poorness and created dependance. The COS proposal had similarities to New Labour s third manner , though, the opposing Fabians provided the fo oting of the labor party ( Horner, 2009 ) . Fabians represented the socialist in-between categories, backing the hapless jurisprudence permutation of public aid through province led services. They acknowledged the causes of poorness, suggesting the categorization of depravational differences, i.e. age, wellness and employment, which placed societal workers as hatchet mans of control, to the work shy and lazy. Fabian laminitis Beatrice Webb, ( cited in Vincent, 1984, p. 344 ) stated the COS were lassie faire individualists critical of all authorities extension . Social work developed from the COS patterns within the context and restraints of Fabian ideals, which reflected modern thoughts of poorness organizing the footing of the public assistance province. State public assistance, during WWII, intervened where charities failed to supply alleviation, ( Harris, 2008 ) , the station war depression highlighted probationary weaknesss and the demand for societal restructuring, renovation and stabilization , ( Payne, 2005, pp. 24-30 ) . The Beveridge Report ( 1942 ) developed province public assistance, highlighted social barriers in five societal immoralities ; sloth, ignorance, illness, sordidness and want ( Payne, 2005 ) . However, the response to the study produced socialist ideals and societal security proviso, the focal point of developments was in corporate societal commissariats such as societal security, wellness attention and cosmopolitan instruction ( Payne, 2005, pp. 41-46 ) . Labor gained electoral success in 1945 backing the recommendations in the formation of the NHS ( National Health Act 1946 ) and abolition of the hapless jurisprudence ( 1948 ) . However, in-between category agitation due to continued proviso of charitabl e alleviation meant that province public assistance besides served to forestall revolution. Simultaneously to welfare, societal work developed a specialized function. mediate the province and the person, defined by statute law and demand and supported by theory. Social work had strived for professional intent from its spiritual and theoretical beginnings, whilst associated subjects gained scientific legitimacy. Mary Richmond ( 1917 ) , a societal work pedagogue, enabled theoretical development utilizing sociological and economical positions, besides taking influences from the medical profession, critiqued subsequently by extremist societal work. ( Healy, 2005 ) Social work turned to psychological theories to derive insight into persons behavior, aˆÂ ¦shall seek to understand the individual in demand, non merely at that peculiar minute in clip, but besides the spouse of personality, the major experiences and relationshipsaˆÂ ¦ . ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009, pp. 206-11 ) . Correlating with the promotion of appraisal, which began to see a societal diagnosing , ( Richmond 1917 cited in Wilson, Ruch, Lymbery, A ; Cooper, 2008, pp.194-99 ) , supplying scientific proof that with casework united the profession. In 1930-60 ps ychodynamics wedged casework, constructs of usually and aberrance complemented the ethos of specifying moral character ( Payne, 2005 ) . However, the COS s positions lost relevancy to societal plants aims, within pattern and the bid of societal policy. Social works relationship with psychological science influenced theory, statute law and societal planning, ( Horner, 2009 ) . Whilst socio-economics and political relations structured and supported individualistic values prominent within theory, making legalization that gave societal work a cardinal function within public assistance. Renewed societal policies and reform, allowed the promotion of societal work methods and values, back uping the creative activity of public assistance. The important component that defined societal work from other signifiers of public assistance was its developing methods and its policy and theoretical aspirations and peculiarity, ( Payne, 2005, pp. 583-88 ) . Social plant was a station book to the new public assistance government, yet specifying its function. In the 1960s discontent and credibleness issues within psychological science and depth psychology shifted thought towards the societal concerns of service users, spliting support between psychological and societal theories. However, Florence Hollis acknowledged the many-sided demands of pattern, join forcesing societal scientific disciplines and casework making psychosocial theories, ( Healy, 2005 ) . Additionally, systems theory became outstanding in developing brief intercessions ; crisis intercession, task-centred casework and cognitive behavioral therapies, still implemented in the interpersonal and multidisciplinary contexts of modern-day societal work. However, criticised for avoiding long-run issues and doing societal exclusion. Wider societal factors developed the values base, underscoring the importance of power, inequality and societal justness yet traditional values did non see the wider structural and cultural context act uponing societal work intervention.. Reamer ( 2005 ) considered station war to be the Values Period , traditional societal work values underpinned interpersonal methods, embodied by Biestek s seven point scheme ( 1961 ) , ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) . The list attack , ( Timms 1983 cited in Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009, pp. 119-23 ) , of Biesek elaborate features, meaning a cosmopolitan lower limit for effectual pattern, normally sharing a regard for the single individual as a ego determined being ( Banks, 2006, p. 27 ) . To deny traditional values was unethical and oppressive holding negative effects yet conflicting values were non admiting. Individuality and self-government, enabled understanding and respect yet rejected shared societal norms, premises and stereotypes and the influence of structural power dealingss and societal establishments that identified the commonalty of groups and indicated inequality. Additionally, the public assistance province challenged societal work to travel from its individualistic beginning, advancing human rights within societal issues. Extremist societal work challenged social positions, placing societal inequality as a factor of poorness, created by societal concepts instead than personal features. ( Healy, 2005 ) . Extremist concerns re-alliterated category focused subjugation, identified during the colony motion, act uponing values and socio-economic disadvantage. Social work reflected feminist and anti-racist societal motions, integrating anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory values in pattern and societal policy. However, statute law intended to act upon inequality failed to place the causing of favoritism, yet, supported societal workers to dispute elements of societal control ( Thompson N. , 2006 ) . The extremist con instance pronunciamento ( 1975 ) emphasised structural, economic and political factors demoing the bounds of individualistic focal point, ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) . As societal work s specialized functions expanded execution became confused decreasing quality and co-ordination, yet societal public assistance needed a incorporate attack to services. ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) . The Seebohm Committee ( 1968 ) highlighted rigidness within pattern, resource restraints, freak out and unequal preparation and instruction. Yet, reacting with inclusiveness and cosmopolitan proviso, concentrating on the support and fusion of services, whilst, turn toing the ineffectualness of service application. The study wanted a community based household orientated service which was available to all ( Parsons, 2009. Feb 14 ( 1 ) ) , alining societal work within the cardinal dimension of the public assistance province. The Local Authority Social Services Bill ( 1970 ) implemented the Seebohm recommendations, societal service sections became accountable to local communities prioritizing their human rights and wellbeing, disputing the built-in stigmatising o f the hapless Torahs whilst back uping professional preparation within a generic and incorporate service. Seebohm saw societal work, public assistance, community and groups work as every bit valid and of import. Legislative models influenced the context of pattern and back uping considerable professional discretion exercised by the societal worker. ( Harris, 1998 ) . However, generic services overlooked clients specializer demands and professional strived to be specialist due to authorization and wage, the model argument of continues in modern-day pattern. In seeking to retain a sense of control over their pattern, many staff adopted an informal specializer function within purportedly generic construction Satyamurti 1981ascited in ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009, pp. 310-17 ) Reamer ( 2005 ) considered this the ethical theory and determination devising period ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009, pp. 122-25 ) of value development, based on philosopher Kant. Challenging the relevancy, importance and application of values, whilst, critically developing moral rules to advance behavior. Using individualistic values yet, admiting structural barriers making anti-oppressive pattern, holistic to the clients context and ego. The station Seebohm period provided societal work optimism and integrity, cardinal to policy reform and proviso, yet alteration continued. The new right political orientation incorporated extremist societal plants point of view, these critical positions were appropriated by rightist minds and became edifice blocks for the New Right s docket for societal work ( Harris, 2008, p. 271 ) . However, uncertainnesss over generic function and the co-ordination of incorporate services, coupled with negative media coverage of specific kid maltreatment incidences created concern. The elected Conservative authorities ( 1979 ) criticised the public assistance province s enlargement, morality, quality and cost represented by societal work, ( Harris, 2008 ) . The new right thesis was implemented in the Barclay study ( 1982 ) critically reexamining societal plants purpose, spread outing remit and effectual utilizations, in association with public assistance committednesss. Proposing suited funct ions and contexts ; the safety net attack focussed societal work on eligibility, distinguishing the deserving, welfare province attack mirrored station war public assistance public aid. However, the preferable community attack promoted interpersonal support webs, placing societal work proviso and back uping accomplishment instead than dependence. Social work lost its cardinal function in the new enterprises, traveling in-line with the new right. However, modernization and specialization replaced the community attack after the Community Care Reform, making separate kid, household and grownup services. ( Harris, 2008 ) Neo-liberalism and the general understanding on trades and services opened up the denationalization, the province ruled by administration, replacing hierarchy with partnership. Global mutuality enables partnership on the macro degree, nevertheless, act uponing or restraining authorities actions and policies, impacting local resources at the micro degree. The planetary pecuniary fund supports systems of denationalization, legalizing public assistance reform and set uping province authorization. Neo liberalism is the political response in a hazard society, concentrating on individualistic duty and emphasises societal inequality, backed by province socialism and a deficiency of options. ( Ferguson, Lavalette, A ; Whitmore, 2005 ) . However, societal work is planetary activity, the International Association of Schools of Social Work ( IASSW ) has been involved with the United Nations since 1947, instrumental in Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( 1948 ) . Globalization supports the exchange of theories, research and ends, motivating charities intercession at planetary times of crisis, subjugation and catastrophe. The International Federation of Social Works ( IFSW ) and the International Council on Social Welfare ( ICSW ) have formed planetary policies protecting the vulnerable. Yet, standardization without cultural context creates societal work as an oppressor with globalization as a accelerator of societal reform. Neo-liberal positions supported welfare modernization, turn toing economic concerns, modulating hazard and consumer driven markets, epitomised by marketization and managerialization. ( Harris, 2008, p. 673 ) Marketisation opened services to market forces, with local governments going commissioners of a assorted economic system of attention. The modernization docket promoted common appraisal models, multidisciplinary work and partnerships making a web society, integrating shared and conflicting values spread outing the cognition base. The province became an enabler of chance, taking barriers and rejecting cosmopolitan purposes. Though denationalization aimed to additions quality and scope of attention, it became a go-between between authorities, policy and societal demands, motivated by net income instead than public assistance. ( Adams, Domenelli, A ; Payne, 2009 ) Contracts enabled the control of resorts and outlooks compressing pattern New labor embodied the new right political orientation in contrast to its station war thoughts, modernization docket continued across parties with New Labour s 3rd manner doctrine . Perceived weaknesss in traditional direction created a new public direction underscoring concern ideals. Policy and political relations prioritised efficiency and effectivity as a response to modern society. Independent budgets changed clients to independent clients in a societal attention endeavor. Professional opinion was replaced with answerability, analysis and ordinance making an audit development, increased bureaucratism and compromising good pattern and values. Social policy supported and directed societal work nevertheless simplifying society s complexnesss making unintended effects underscoring hazard direction. Modernization has constrained and standardised pattern, adding direction of resources to societal work pattern. However, the Best values model ( 2000 ) ensures that cost and productive ness is non provided over quality. Yet, Labours Third manner was criticised for the mean of accomplishing instead than its purposes. Social alterations such as the impact of Globalisation, hazard engineerings and the growing of corporate Capitalism produce conditions of profound uncertainness which impact on moralss and political relations ( Webb, 2006, p. 201 ) ( CCETSW ) study outlined competency and outlooks of societal workers, organizing the foundation of the General Social Care Council ( GSCC ) codifications of pattern and national occupational criterions. the GSCC societal work Regulatation began from The attention criterions attention act ( 2000 ) , portion of an intergrated system designed to keep service, instruction and professional quality ( Horner, 2009 ) supplying managerial supervising, modulating preparation and development and detailing outlooks, accomplishments and values required within societal policy and service related to modern-day societal work. ( Thompson N. , 2009 ) . GSCC ( 2005 ) produced revised frame work for instruction societal work making a protected and registered business implementing independent pattern criterions making answerability, back uping transparence and admiting unethical pattern with de-registration. However It is unrealistic to believe that a set of regulations and process will guarantee ethic al pattern ( Thompson N. , 2009 )